Outline Outline › Part Seven 7 › Division II II › Section 721 721

Technology of Energy Conversion and Utilization

Subject Outline

AMajor types of energy useful to humankind
- 1Primary energy sources: thermonuclear reaction, nuclear fission, radioactivity
- 2Recurring energy sources: solar energy, natural thermal energy, wind and water energy, biomass
- 3Nonrenewable energy sources: coal, natural gas, oil
BDevices and techniques for the utilization of energy
- 1Devices for utilizing muscle energy: pulley, lever, block and tackle, treadmill [see also 722.B.1.]
- 2Devices for utilizing wind and water energy: sails and sailboats, windmills, waterwheels, wind and water turbines
- 3Devices for utilizing gravitational energy: pendulums, counterweight mechanisms
- 4Devices for utilizing strain and compression energy
  - aSteam engines and steam power plants
  - bSteam turbines [see B.2., above]
  - cCompressed-air and compressed-gas tools and machines
  - dHydraulic devices
- 5Devices for utilizing magnetic and electrical energy
  - aMagnets, electromagnets
  - bElectric motors: induction motors, synchronous motors, commutator motors utilizing alternating current and direct current
- 6Devices for utilizing rotational energy: centrifuges, gyroscopes
- 7Devices for utilizing heat energy: heat exchangers, refrigeration equipment
- 8Devices for utilizing chemical energy
  - aInternal-combustion engines: gasoline and gas turbine engines; diesel engines; jet, turbojet, fan-jet, and turboprop engines; rocket engines
  - bChemical explosives: black powder, nitroglycerin, dynamites, nitrocellulosic explosives, military explosives, other modern high explosives
- 9Devices and materials for utilizing nuclear energy: nuclear fission reactors, radioactive isotopes, nuclear fusion reactors [see also 112.B., C., F., and G.]
- 10Devices for utilizing solar energy
CDevices for energy conversion
- 1Thermoelectric devices
- 2Thermionic devices
- 3Magnetohydrodynamic power generators
- 4Batteries and fuel cells
- 5Lamps and other lighting devices
- 6X-ray tubes [see also 111.D.1.]
- 7Devices for electric power generation: turbine-driven generators, engine-driven generators, nuclear-powered generators, hydraulic-turbine-driven generators, thermoelectric generators, dynamos, photovoltaic devices
DDevices for energy concentration and control
- 1Electron tubes
- 2Solid-state devices; e.g., transistors, semiconductor diodes, integrated circuits
- 3Optoelectronic devices; e.g., liquid-crystal displays, optical fibres, semiconductor lasers