Part Seven VII › Division I I › Section 712 712

The Organization of Human Work

Subject Outline

AThe organization of work
- 1The organization of work in the prehistoric world [see also 512.B.1.]
  - aOrigin of division of labour based on age and sex differences, initial absence of class divisions
  - bCommunal organization: specialization required by the development of pottery, textiles, agriculture, and metallurgy
- 2The organization of work in the ancient world
  - aTheories of civilization's development: explanations of the origin of hierarchical organization
  - bEffect of social classes on the organization of labour
  - cOrganization of agricultural labour
  - dOrganization of industrial labour by craft
  - eOrganization of labour for large-scale construction
- 3The organization of work in the medieval world: the manor system, the craft guilds, organization of free labour for large-scale construction
- 4Changes in production techniques from the 16th to the 18th century: foundations of modern industrial production
- 5Mass production: the organization of labour by product rather than by process
- 6The use of machines as replacements for labour
BThe application of scientific methods to managerial functions
- 1Operations research: the application of scientific method to the management of organized systems
- 2Systems engineering: the utilization of scientific and technological knowledge in planning and designing complex systems
- 3Systems-design techniques, tools, and procedures
  - aTechniques: use of flow charts and other symbolic models, precise formulation of suitable objectives
  - bTools: optimization theory, communication theory, queuing theory, game theory [see also 10/23.E. and F.]
  - cProcedures: exploratory planning, development planning
CThe relation between man and machine in industrial production
- 1The effects on mankind of the rationalization of work: psychological and social aspects of mass production and automation