Part Seven VII › Division II II › Section 722 722

Technology of Tools and Machines

Subject Outline

AHand tools
- 1Early history of hand tools: Paleolithic and Neolithic stone tools, development of metal tools
- 2Basic types of hand tools
  - aPercussive tools: hammers, axes
  - bCutting, drilling, and abrading tools: knives, saws, files
  - cScrew-based tools: screwdrivers, wrenches
  - dMeasuring and defining tools: levels, dividers, rules
  - eTool auxiliaries: workbench, vise
- 3Power-driven hand tools: electric drills and circular saws, pneumatic hammers and riveters
BMachines and machine components
- 1Simple machines: lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw
- 2Machine mechanisms: devices that transmit motion by means of flexible connectors, rigid connecting links, or direct contact
- 3Machine components
  - aGears
  - bCams
  - cLinkages
  - dFlywheels
  - eBelt and chain drives
  - fCouplings
  - gClutches
  - hBrakes
  - iBearings
  - jShafts and shaft accessories
  - kScrews
  - lSprings
- 4Friction accommodation and reduction
  - aBearings [see above]
  - bLubricants and their functions, types, and properties
CMachine tools: stationary power-driven machines for shaping and forming parts made of metal or other materials
- 1History and characteristics of machine tools
- 2Operation of metal-cutting tools
- 3Basic machine tools: turning machines, shapers and planers, drilling machines, milling machines, grinding machines, power saws, and presses
- 4Modifications of basic machines; e.g., turret lathes, production millers
- 5Special-purpose machines; e.g., gear-cutting machines, broaching machines
DComputer-aided machining
- 1Computer numerical control
- 2Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM)
- 3Robots
- 4Computer-integrated manufacturing
ENonconventional methods of machining
- 1Electrical methods: electron-beam machining, electrical-discharge machining, electrochemical machining, ion beam machining, laser machining, plasma arc machining