Part Three III › Division III III › Section 332 332

The Relation of Form and Function in Organisms

Subject Outline

ABiological form and function
BPlant tissues and fluids: classification, organization, main functions
- 1Relatively undifferentiated tissues of nonvascular plants
- 2Well-differentiated tissues in vascular plants
  - aMeristematic (cell-producing) tissues: apical, lateral, intercalary
  - bMature tissues
    - iDermal (protective) tissues: the epidermis of the primary plant body, the periderm of the secondary plant body
    - iiVascular (conducting) tissues: the xylem, the phloem
    - iiiFundamental (ground) tissues: the parenchyma, the supportive collenchyma and sclerenchyma, the endodermis
- 3Cells of plant tissues [see 331.A.2.C.]
COrgans of plants: tissue organization, functions, and types
- 1Development of organs in vascular plants: internal and external morphology, tissue organization, functions, types, and modifications; the stem; the leaf; the root
- 2Physiology of organs in vascular plants
- 3Diverse sizes and forms of organ systems in vascular plants: potential for unlimited growth
  - aVarieties of shoot systems
  - bVarieties of root systems
  - cVarieties of reproductive organs and organ systems
- 4Organs of nonvascular plants: analogues of stem, leaf, and root
- 5Evolution of plant organs and organ systems into the complex, multicellular state
DAnimal tissues and fluids: classification, organization, and main functions
- 1Classification of tissues: anatomical, embryological, functional
- 2Tissues for assimilation, storage, transport, and excretion: alimentary, liver, kidney, and lung tissues; blood and lymph
- 3Tissues for coordination: nervous and sensory tissues, endocrine tissues
- 4Tissues for support and movement: connective tissues, cartilage, bone, muscle
- 5Other tissues: reproductive tissues, hemopoietic tissues, tissue fluids
- 6Cells of animal tissues [see 331.A.2.b.]
EAnimal organs and organ systems
- 1Specialized organ systems
  - aRelating to the environment primarily: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems [see also 333.C. and D.; 334.A., B., and C.]
  - bServing cell metabolism primarily: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems [see also 335.C.; 336.A., B., and C.]
  - cServing genetic continuity primarily: the reproductive system
- 2Interrelationships between organ systems: functional interdependence, feedback mechanisms
- 3Development of organ systems [see also 338.D.]