Part Seven VII › Division III III › Section 735 735

Technology of Information Processing and of Communications Systems

Subject Outline

ACommunication and information theory [see 10/23.F.]
BCalculating devices: the abacus, tally sticks, mechanical and electromechanical calculators [see C.2., below]
COffice machines
- 1Writing and reproducing machines: typewriters, dictating and transcribing machines, word processors, duplicating machines and processes, copying machines and processes
- 2Calculating and accounting machines
- 3Miscellaneous office machines
DComputers [see also 10/23.A.6.and 7.]
- 1Types of computers: analogue and digital computers, hybrid computer systems
- 2Programming systems: the encoding and entering of instructions into computer memory, the concept of software, the systems approach to writing computer programs
- 3Computer languages
- 4Applications of microcomputers, minicomputers, and supercomputers
- 5Developments in artificial intelligence: devising expert systems; natural-language processing; computer vision; robotics
EGeneral information-recording devices
- 1Simple recording implements and devices; e.g., writing implements, slates, chalkboards
- 2Typewriters and word processors
- 3Printing machines and processes
- 4Production of printing plates: engraving and other techniques
  - aMechanical techniques: woodcut, mechanical engraving, etching, lithography
  - bPhotomechanical techniques: photoengraving
FSound and video recording and reproducing devices [see also 128.E.]
- 1Mechanical systems: phonographs
- 2Magnetic systems: audio tape recorders, video tape recorders and players
- 3Optical systems: audio and video disk players
- 4Auxiliary equipment
- 5High-fidelity concepts and systems
GThe technology of photography
- 1Still photography [see also 628.D.]
- 2Motion-picture and television photography [see also 623.A.]
- 3Holography: laser photography [see also 128.B.4.C.]
HInformation processing and systems
- 1Elements of information processing
  - aAnalog and digital forms of information
  - bRecording and storage: image scanning and optical character recognition; mass storage via electromagnetic and electro-optical media (e.g magnetic and digital-audio tape and disk, and optical disk, respectively)
  - cOrganization and retrieval: indexes and indexing; bibliographic and numeric databases; computerized catalogs in libraries and library networks
  - dDisplay and dissemination: television monitors and interactive computer terminals; electronic mail, bulletins, and teleconferencing; electronic printing and photocomposition; speech synthesis
- 2Types of information systems
  - aOrganizational systems
    - iManagement-oriented systems (executive, command and control, and decision support)
    - iiAdministration-oriented systems (financial, personnel, and project management)
    - iiiService-oriented systems (manufacturing, transaction processing, and expert)
  - bPublic information utilities (on-line database search systems)
  - cEducational and reference systems
    - iDictionaries and lexicons
    - iiEncyclopaedias
    - iiiAtlases and map collections
IMajor systems of communication
- 1Book, newspaper, and magazine publishing
- 2Postal systems and equipment
- 3Telegraph systems and equipment
- 4Telephone and telecommunications systems and equipment
- 5Radio communications systems and equipment
- 6Television communications systems and equipment
- 7Communications satellite systems and equipment
- 8Electronic networks
- 9Encryption and decryption techniques and devices: signal security and message authentication, history of cryptology
JMajor systems of detection and remote sensing
- 1Radar systems and equipment
- 2Sonar systems and equipment
KElectronic components and techniques used in communications
- 1Components
  - aActive components: vacuum and gas-filled tubes, semiconductor devices
  - bPassive components: resistors, capacitors, and inductors; other solid-state devices; antennas and waveguides
  - cIntegrated circuits: miniature arrays of interconnected active or passive circuit elements (e.g., microprocessors)
- 2Sensing devices and transducers; e.g., piezoelectric devices, photomultiplier tubes