Part Six VI › Division II II › Section 624 624

Music

Subject Outline

AThe art of music
- 1Diverse conceptions of music as an art
- 2Problems of musical meaning
- 3Musical performance and interpretation
- 4The relation of music to other human activities [see also E.3., below]
- 5Writings about music
BThe sources of musical sound
- 1The physical aspects of musical sound: tone, movement, pitch, timbre [see C., below and 128.E.6.]
- 2The human voice: techniques, styles, and historical developments of the art of singing in Western and non-Western cultures
- 3Musical instruments: the history, technology, and technique of classes and specific types of instruments
  - aIdiophonic and membranophonic instruments: instruments that produce sound by means of percussion
  - bAerophonic instruments: instruments that produce sound by the vibration of a column of air
  - cChordophonic instruments: instruments that produce sound by the vibration of struck, plucked, or bowed strings
  - dElectrophonic instruments: instruments that produce sound by electrical, electromechanical, or electronic means; e.g., electronic organs, tape recorders, synthesizers, computers
CThe elements of music: their patterning and modes of organization in composition
- 1Pitch
  - aInterval: the difference in pitch between two tones
  - bScale: a pattern of pitch relationships expressed as a series of intervals dividing an octave
  - cTuning and temperament: the organization and modification of systems of pitch relationships
  - dMotive and theme
  - eMode, melody type, tune family
- 2Duration (time)
  - aMetre
  - bRhythm
  - cTempo
- 3Timbre
- 4Harmony
- 5Counterpoint
- 6Texture: monophonic, homophonic, heterophonic, polyphonic
- 7Orchestration and instrumentation
- 8Form in music: the design and structures whereby musical ideas are presented
DMusical notation
EMusical forms and genres: the types of musical composition
- 1Forms and genres characterized by the medium of performance
  - aInstrumental music [see 2., below]
  - bVocal music
    - iVocal music for solo performance; e.g., liturgical chant, secular song, lied, aria
    - iiChoral music; e.g., mass, motet, cantata, oratorio
    - iiiVocal music for several voices, the parts for either solo or choral performance; e.g., madrigal, glee
  - cElectrophonic music: e.g., tape music, computer music
- 2Forms and genres characterized by the technique of composition
  - aMusical compositions with fully notated structures
    - iSonata
    - iiSymphony
    - iiiConcerto
    - ivVariation forms; e.g., chaconne, passacaglia, variation set
    - vFugue
  - bJazz: music combining notated material with extemporaneous performance
    - iGeneral considerations about jazz: its differentiation from and relation to folk music, popular music, and "art" music; its emphasis on the performer as creator; the importance of improvisation; its reflection of social and cultural forces
    - iiDevelopment of jazz styles
- 3Forms and genres characterized by function or by social setting
  - aLiturgical music
  - bChamber music
  - cMusic for the theatre
    - iOpera
    - iiMusic for theatrical dance; e.g., ballet, modern dance [see also 625]
    - iiiMusic theatre; e.g., musical, operetta, zarzuela, no theatre [see also 622]
    - ivIncidental and background music; e.g., for the theatre, for motion pictures and television
- 4Genres determined by the cultural milieu: primitive, folk, and popular music
FRecording and reproduction of music
- 1Types of music reproduction; e.g., mechanical, magnetic, optical [see 735.F.]
- 2Techniques of music recording: the role of the producer
- 3Effects of music recording: on composition, on teaching, on criticism, on performance, on musicology
- 4Development of music recording
GThe history of music
- 1Western music