Part Nine IX › Division V V › Section 951 951

Andean Civilization to c. ad 1540

Subject Outline

AThe character and achievements of Andean civilization, the geography and ethnography of the Andean region, archaeological and documentary historical sources, historiographic problems
BPre-Inca cultures and states
- 1Late Preceramic (c. 3500 -c. 1800 bc) cultures: development of agriculture
- 2Initial (c. 1800-c. 1000 bc) and Early Horizon, or Chavin and Paracas (c. 1000-c. 200 bc), cultures in Peru: development of textiles, pottery, and ceremonial architecture
- 3Early Intermediate (Florescent, or Classic) Period (c. 200 bc -c. ad 600): metallurgy, pottery, and textile production in the Nazca and Moche cultures
- 4Middle Horizon Period (c. ad 600-c. 1000): the Huari and Tiahuanaco cultures, urban settlements, cultural decline after c. ad 800
- 5Late Intermediate Period (c. ad 1000-c. 1400): pottery and the introduction of bronze, the Chimu Empire (c. 1300-c. 1460) located at Chan Chan, spread of urban settlements
CThe empire of the Incas (c. 1400-c. 1540)
- 1The origins and development of the Inca Empire
  - aThe autochthonic mythical origins of the Inca dynasty, establishment of the Cuzco Valley settlement (c. 1400)
  - bThe reigns of Capac Yupanqui, Inca Roca, Yahuar Huacac, and Viracocha Inca: Inca expansion into the Urubamba Valley and Titicaca Basin, the Chancas invasion (1438)
  - cInca victory over the Chancas (1438), Incan civil war between Cuzco and Calca factions, Cuzco victory and reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui ( 1438--c. 1471), renewed battles with Chancas (c. 1445), further conquest of Titicaca Basin region, victory over Chimu Empire
  - dInca conquests during the reign of Topa Inca Yupanqui (c. 147 1-c. 1493): annexation of highland Bolivia, northern Chile, northwestern Argentina, and southern Peru
  - eReign of Huayna Capac (c. 1493-c. 1525): conquest of northeastern Peru and northern Ecuador, Atahuallpa's victory (1532) over Huascar in civil war
  - fThe Spanish conquest of the Incas (1532-40): Pizarro's execution of Atahuallpa and support of Topa Huallpa (1533), later support of Manco Inca (1533-35); Manco's rebellion and defeat (1536), Spanish consolidation of power
- 2Incan government, society, and culture
  - aDivine monarchy and the royal corporations, administrative hierarchy, taxation, the census and the quipu system of numerical records