Part Nine IX › Division IV IV › Section 945 945

Southern Africa to c. 1885

Subject Outline

AThe geography and ethnography of southern Africa: definition of the region, the archaeological and documentary historical sources and historiographic problems, the character and achievements of civilizations in southern Africa
BSouthern Africa before c. 1500
- 1Origins of mankind and development of culture in the Stone Age and Iron Age, the migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples in southern Africa from c. ad 200-400
- 2The southeast coast trade in the Late Iron Age and interior trade routes to Mapungubwe (northeastern South Africa), Great Zimbabwe (southeastern Zimbabwe), and Ingombe Ilede (Zambia)
CSouthern Africa from c. 1500 to c. 1885
- 1Portuguese expansion (1530s) into the Zambezi valley and defeat of the Mwene Mutapa's empire in 1629: Portuguese defeats (1690s) by the Rozwi empire
- 2The Portuguese in west central Africa: conquests over the Kongo kingdom (1665) and the Ndongo kingdom (1671), control of the slave trade
- 3The Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope from 1652: expansion toward the Orange River and subjugation of the Khoisans
- 4Early 19th-century African migrations and rise of the Zulu Empire (1816) under Shaka, later black migrations into Rhodesia
- 5The slave and ivory trade north of the Zambezi in the 19th century: decline of the slave trade in some areas and increased commerce in ivory, Yao migration into present-day Malawi, influence of missionaries
- 6The Cape eastern frontier: Boer and Xhosa resistance to the British, the Boer Great Trek (1835-54) into the interior, continued friction with the British
  - aRelations between Boers and the black population in the Transvaal
  - bEstablishment of the Orange Free State, the British colonies of Natal and Cape Colony
- 7The era of mineral discoveries and confederation: diamonds and gold, Transvaal-Pedi and Zulu wars