Outline Outline › Part Seven 7 › Division II II › Section 725 725

Technology of Industrial Production Processes

Subject Outline

AMaterials processing: the operations that are used to transform industrial materials from a raw-material state into finished parts or products
- 1Preliminary processing of raw materials
  - aMechanical processing; e.g., crushing, mixing, blending, separating, grading
  - bChemical processing; e.g., leaching, smelting, coagulation, polymerization
- 2Forming: processes in which parts are produced by casting or molding liquid materials or by applying pressure to solid materials
  - aProcessing liquid materials
    - iCasting metals; e.g., sand casting, die casting
    - iiCasting and molding nonmetals; e.g., slip casting, injection molding
  - bProcessing solid materials; e.g., rolling, forging, stamping, pressing
- 3Material removal: processes for shaping parts by removing portions of a solid piece of material
- 4Joining: processes for bonding materials to each other
  - aThermal joining: welding, brazing, and soldering [see B.4., below]
  - bAdhesive bonding: natural and synthetic adhesives and their uses
- 5Property modification: alteration or improvement of the properties of materials
  - aThermal processing
    - iBasic heat-treating operations: annealing, stress relieving, and hardening
    - iiRadio-frequency heating: induction and dielectric heating
    - iiiZone melting: zone refining and other techniques
    - ivExposure to cryogenic temperatures
  - bProcessing of materials by exposure to physical conditions other than heat or cold
    - iProcessing of materials in a vacuum
    - iiUse of ultrasonic and infrasonic waves
    - iiiOther processes; e.g., exposure to radiation
  - cMechanical and chemical processing
- 6Finishing processes: modification of the surfaces of materials
  - aMechanical and chemical processes; e.g., cleaning, polishing, embossing, coating
  - bElectrochemical processes: electroplating
BMetallurgy
- 1Mineral processing: crushing and grinding of ores, concentration of metallic minerals
- 2Extractive metallurgy: separation of metallic elements from mineral form
  - aPyrometallurgy: processes that involve the use of heat
    - iRoasting: oxidizing, reducing reactions
    - iiSmelting: processes for removing molten metal from molten slag
    - iiiConverting: techniques for making steel, blister copper
    - ivRefining: techniques for purifying copper, lead, gold, and other extracted metals
  - bElectrometallurgy: processes that involve electrochemical reactions
    - iElectrolytic smelting; e.g., the Hall-Heroult process
    - iiElectrowinning: techniques for recovering metals from solution
    - iiiElectrorefining: techniques for purifying copper, silver, and other metals
  - cHydrometallurgy
    - iLeaching: techniques for dissolving metallic minerals
    - iiRecovery techniques; e.g., solvent extraction, chemical precipitation
- 3Physical metallurgy
  - aCold and hot working; e.g., forging, rolling, drawing
  - bFoundry processes; e.g., sand casting, die casting
  - cSurface treatments; e.g., galvanizing, carburizing
  - dPowder metallurgy: powder manufacture, processes, and products
  - eNuclear engineering metallurgy: production, fabrication, and application of uranium and other metals of importance in nuclear engineering
  - fHeat treatment; e.g., annealing, quenching, tempering
  - gMetallography [see also 125.D.1.]
  - hInspection and testing: mechanical and nondestructive testing
- 4Welding, brazing, and soldering
  - aBasic principles: the metallurgy of metal joining
  - bWelding processes; e.g., forge welding, arc welding, resistance welding, brazing, soldering
  - cTypes of joints; e.g., fillet welds, brazed joints
  - dWeldability of metals
  - eTesting and inspection of welds: nondestructive and destructive methods
  - fApplications; e.g., construction of bridges, storage tanks, and ships
  - gRecent developments; e.g., plasma welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding
CMaterials handling in the production process
- 1Types of materials-handling systems by process
- 2Materials-handling equipment; e.g., wheeled carts, power trucks, trailer trains, racks, bins, conveyors
- 3Transportation of materials [see also 734]
- 4Technology of storage and warehousing