Part Ten X › Division V V › Section 10/53 10/53

Philosophical Schools and Doctrines

Subject Outline

AMajor philosophical schools in the West
- 1Philosophical schools in antiquity and in the Middle Ages
  - aPythagoreanism
  - bThe Sophists
  - cEleaticism
  - dAtomism
  - ePlatonism
  - fAristotelianism
  - gStoicism
  - hEpicureanism
  - iSkepticism
  - jScholasticism
- 2Philosophical schools in the modern period
  - aCartesianism
  - bEmpiricism [for Empiricist tendencies in earlier philosophy, see A.1.b. and i., above; for contemporary Logical Empiricism, see A.2.i., below]
  - cRationalism [for Rationalist tendencies in ancient and medieval philosophy, see A.1.a., c., e., and j., above]
  - dMaterialism [for dialectical Materialism, see A.2.j., below]
  - eKantianism
  - fIdealism
  - gHegelianism
  - hUtilitarianism
  - iPositivism and Logical Empiricism [for metalogical studies, see 10/12. B.; for studies in the foundations of mathematics, see 10/21.B.]
  - jMarxism
  - kRealism
  - lPragmatism
  - mPhenomenology
  - nExistentialism
  - oAnalytic and Linguistic philosophy
BTheories of Being and existence
- 1Different types of metaphysical theory: Platonism; Aristotelianism; Thomism; Cartesianism; Idealism; Materialism --dialectical Materialism, Atomism, and Naturalism; Pythagoreanism; Organismic dynamism
- 2Different views concerning the existence, attributes, and knowledge of God: agnosticism, atheism, Deism, fideism, humanism, pantheism, theism
- 3Different conceptions of man as knower, doer, and maker: Existentialism, humanism, Phenomenology, Pragmatism, rationalism, irrationalism
- 4Different views concerning the existence of the mind and its relation to the body: Materialism, dualism, immaterialism
CTheories of thought, knowledge, and faculties of mind
- 1Different conceptions of the object of knowledge: sense-datum theory, Phenomenalism, Idealism, Realism
- 2Different conceptions of the validity of knowledge: Kantianism, positivism, pragmatism, Skepticism
- 3Different views of the sources or foundations of knowledge: rationalism, Empiricism
- 4Different views of the status of the universal: realism, conceptualism, nominalism
- 5Different views of the epistemic status of scientific theories; e.g., realism, conventionalism, and operationalism; the Unity of Science movement; reductionism
DTheories of conduct
- 1Metaethical theories: intuitionism, naturalism, noncognitivism, good reasons theories
- 2Deontological theories: rationalism, intuitionism, Existentialism