Part Three III › Division I I › Section 313 313

The Classification of Living Things

Subject Outline

AViruses
BMonerans: bacteria and other prokaryotes
CProtists
- 1Algae
- 2Protozoans
- 3Slime molds
DFungi
EPlants
- 1Bryophytes
  - aMosses
  - bLiverworts
  - cHornworts
- 2Psilotophytes, or whisk ferns
- 3Lycophytes (club mosses and allies)
- 4Sphenophytes, or horsetails
- 5Filicophytes, or ferns
  - aOphioglossopsids
  - bMarattiopsids
  - cFilicopsids
- 6Conifers
- 7Ginkgos
- 8Cycads
- 9Gnetophytes
- 10Angiosperms (magnoliophytes), or flowering plants
  - aMagnoliopsids, or dicots
  - bLiliopsids, or monocots
FAnimals
- 1Placozoans
- 2Porifera, or sponges
  - aCalcispongiaens
  - bHyalospongiaens
  - cDemospongiaens
- 3Mesozoans
  - aDicyemids
  - bOrthonectids
- 4Cnidarians, or coelenterates
  - aAnthozoans (corals; sea anemones; sea fans and sea whips; sea pens and sea pansies)
  - bScyphozoans (jellyfish)
  - cHydrozoans (hydra)
  - dCubozoans (box jellyfishes)
- 5Ctenophores, or comb jellies
- 6Platyhelminthes, or flatworms
  - aTurbellarians
  - bMonogeneans
  - cAspidocotyleans
  - dTrematodes, or flukes
  - eCestodes, or tapeworms
- 7Nemerteans, or ribbon worms
- 8Acanthocephalans, or spiny-headed worms
- 9Aschelminthes
  - aRotifers, or wheel animacules
  - bGastrotrichs
  - cKinorhynchates
  - dNematodes, or roundworms
  - eNematomorphs, or horsehair worms
- 10Priapulids
- 11Annelid worms
  - aPolychaetes, or marine worms
  - bOligochaetes, or terrestrial worms
  - cHirudineans, or leeches
- 12Tardigrades, or water bears
- 13Onychophorans, or velvet worms
- 14Arthropods
  - aCrustaceans
  - bUniramians (millipedes, centipedes, pauropods, symphylans, and insects)
  - cChelicerates (sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and arachnids)
- 15Mollusks
  - aTryblids, or neopilinids
  - bSolenogastres, or narrow-footed gliders
  - cCaudofoveatans, or mudmoles
  - dPlacophorans, or chitons
  - ePelecypods, or bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, and cockles)
  - fScaphopods, or tusk shells
  - gGastropods (limpets, snails, and slugs)
  - hCephalopods (nautiluses; cuttlefishes, squids, and octopuses)
- 16Bryozoans, or moss animals
  - aPhylactolaemates
  - bStenolaemates
  - cGymnolaemates
- 17Phoronids, or horseshoe worms
- 18Brachiopods, or lamp shells
  - aInarticulates
  - bArticulates
- 19Sipunculid worms, or peanutworms
- 20Chaetognaths, or arrowworms
- 21Echiurids, or spoonworms
- 22Echinoderms
  - aCrinozoans, or sea lilies
  - bEchinozoans (sea urchins, heart urchins, and sand dollars; sea cucumbers)
  - cAsterozoans (starfish, brittle stars, and sea daisies)
- 23Hemichordates
  - aEnteropneusts, or acorn worms
  - bPterobranchs
- 24Pogonophors, or beardworms
- 25Chordates
  - aTunicates (sea squirts, appendicularians, and thaliaceans)
  - bCephalochordates, or lancelets